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Fiscal Receipts

Threat Simulator Development

ArmyRDT&EReconciledPE0604256A
What it is
Threat Simulator Development (0604256A) is an Army research & development line funded in the Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Army account. Its J-book detail breaks the line into 1 project.
What changed
-$531.0K FY25→26 R-1 TOA · PB2026
Who gets it
No company is linked to this line. Award records do not carry the program element, so the crosswalk is silent here — why.

Budget figures

FY24 Actuals
$71.6MR-1 TOA · PB2026
FY25 Total
$75.3MR-1 TOA · PB2026
FY26 Request
$74.8MR-1 TOA · PB2026
FY25→26 Change
-$531.0KR-1 TOA · PB2026
Data coverage

FY2026 award data is a partial year — USAspending reports awards on a rolling basis, and this corpus runs through 2026-09-04. why partial FY2026 data? →

Budget trajectory

The program's 3 summary figures for FY24 to FY26, plotted in fiscal-year order: this line ends higher than it starts. The points are the summary cards above, not a separate derivation; the table beside the chart carries each figure with its own citation.
The program's 3 summary figures for FY24 to FY26, plotted in fiscal-year order: this line ends higher than it starts. The points are the summary cards above, not a separate derivation; the table beside the chart carries each figure with its own citation.FY24: $71.6MFY25: $75.3MFY26: $74.8MFY24FY25FY26
Budget trajectory: one row per fiscal year, carrying the summary figure the sparkline plots. Every figure opens its own citation.
Fiscal yearAmount
FY24$71.6M
FY25$75.3M
FY26$74.8M

All series figures: R-1 TOA · PB2026

Decade view

P-1/R-1 workbook TOA basis, shown compact in $B/$M (the workbook records USD thousands); each figure cites its own President's Budget edition

12 fiscal years of this program as published (FY2015–FY2026): a line through the actuals (filled dots), with the enacted (hollow circles) and request (diamonds) markers each edition reported. Read it for direction, not for precision — this program's actuals line rises across the span. The grid below is the same data as text, one cited figure per cell.
12 fiscal years of this program as published (FY2015–FY2026): a line through the actuals (filled dots), with the enacted (hollow circles) and request (diamonds) markers each edition reported. Read it for direction, not for precision — this program's actuals line rises across the span. The grid below is the same data as text, one cited figure per cell.FY2015 actuals — PB2017 editionFY2016 actuals — PB2018 editionFY2017 actuals — PB2019 editionFY2018 actuals — PB2020 editionFY2019 actuals — PB2021 editionFY2020 actuals — PB2022 editionFY2021 actuals — PB2023 editionFY2022 actuals — PB2024 editionFY2023 actuals — PB2025 editionFY2024 actuals — PB2026 editionFY2016 enacted — PB2017 editionFY2017 enacted — PB2018 editionFY2018 enacted — PB2019 editionFY2019 enacted — PB2020 editionFY2020 enacted — PB2021 editionFY2021 enacted — PB2022 editionFY2022 enacted — PB2023 editionFY2023 enacted — PB2024 editionFY2024 enacted — PB2025 editionFY2025 enacted — PB2026 editionFY2017 request — PB2017 editionFY2018 request — PB2018 editionFY2019 request — PB2019 editionFY2020 request — PB2020 editionFY2021 request — PB2021 editionFY2022 request — PB2022 editionFY2023 request — PB2023 editionFY2024 request — PB2024 editionFY2025 request — PB2025 editionFY2026 request — PB2026 editionFY15FY18FY20FY22FY24FY26

The vertical scale does not start at zero: the baseline sits just below this program’s smallest year, so a low point on this line is not a small amount. Read the shape for direction and the grid below for the figures.

● actuals (line)  ·  ○ enacted  ·  ◇ request — gaps are editions the program is absent from, never interpolated.

Decade series values by fiscal year and President's Budget edition: one row per series (actuals, enacted, request), one column per fiscal year. Every figure opens its own citation.
SeriesFY15FY16FY17FY18FY19FY20FY21FY22FY23FY24FY25FY26
Actuals$21.7M$27.2M$28.9M$31.4M$46.7M$41.6M$41.5M$60.7M$138.3M$71.6M
Enacted$27.5M$25.7M$22.9M$47.3M$42.1M$41.5M$61.4M$138.9M$38.5M$75.3M
Request$25.7M$22.9M$12.8M$14.1M$14.5M$18.4M$18.4M$38.5M$71.3M$74.8M

blank = series not published for this year; – = absent from that edition.

Asked vs spent: the PB2023 book requested $18.4M for FY2023; the PB2025 book reported $138.3M as actual total obligation authority — $119.8M above the request. 138.264 − 18.437 = 119.827 USD millions — the compact figures above are rounded for reading.

Program lineage

No predecessor/successor lineage was recorded for this program element — no FY-to-FY transfer into or out of this line was stated in the ingested J-books, and none was inferred from the program structure.

Description

Mission — Threat Simulator Development

This Program Element (PE) supports the design, development, acquisition, integration and fielding of realistic mobile threat simulators and realistic threat simulation products utilized in Army/Department of Defense (DoD) test and evaluation (T&E) and developmental and operational tests. This PE originally funded simulators representing Soviet equipment, but scope was expanded to address emerging world threats. Army Threat Simulator and Threat Simulation products are utilized to populate test battlefields for United States (U.S.) Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC), to conduct developmental and operational tests, and to support Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation (PEO STRI) required user testing in System Integration Laboratories (SILs) and hardware/simulation in-the-loop facilities. These battlefield simulators represent adversary systems (e.g. missile systems, command, control and communications systems, electronic warfare systems, etc.) in order to portray a realistic threat environment during testing of U.S. weapon systems. Army Threat Simulator and Threat Simulation products developed or fielded under this PE support Army-wide, non-system-specific threat product requirements. Each capability is pursued in concert and coordination with existing Army/DoD and Tri-Service capabilities to eliminate duplication of effort. Simulator development is responsive to Office of the Secretary of Defense and Government Accountability Office guidance for the Army to conduct operational testing in a realistic threat environment. Actual threat equipment is acquired when appropriate (in lieu of development) and total package fielding is still required (i.e., instrumentation, operations and maintenance, manuals, new equipment training, etc.). Threat simulator development is accomplished under the auspices of the Project Manager for Cyber Test and Training (PM CT2) and the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E) Threat Simulator Investment Working Group. This funding line supports testing of Army Modernization Priority Programs. The FY 2026 request was reduced by $0.258 million for Advisory and Assistance Services to promote efficiencies and advance the policies of the Administration in alignment with Executive Order 14222, "Implementing the President's Department of Government Efficiency Cost Efficiency Initiative."

Mission — Army Threat Sim (ATS)

This Project supports the design, development, acquisition, integration, and fielding of realistic mobile threat simulators and realistic threat simulation products utilized in Army/Department of Defense test and evaluation and developmental and operational tests. This Project originally funded simulators representing Soviet equipment, but scope was expanded to address emerging world threats. Army Threat Simulator and Threat Simulation products are utilized to simulate operational environments and populate test battlefields for the United States Army Test and Evaluation Command, to conduct developmental and operational tests, and to support Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation required user testing in System Integration Laboratories and hardware/simulation in-the-loop facilities. These operational environment and battlefield simulators represent adversary systems (e.g. intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, missile systems, command, control and communication systems, electronic warfare systems, etc.) in order to portray a realistic full-spectrum threat environment during testing of U.S. weapon systems. Base funding will establish enterprise level business processes and services to develop, operate, and secure air and ground testing capabilities in accordance with OSD and Army Digital Engineering and Software Modernization Strategies. Efforts will promote synergies between the training and testing enablers to improve product development, integration, and cyber activities, and to promote re-use of common assets and services to meet Army modernization priorities. Information and Decision Advantage Threat Simulation: Supports Army's capability and capacity to provide realistic information dimension threat representative across the conflict continuum. Threat realism focuses on the adversary's ability to sense, collect, analyze and act upon Army critical information or critical program information. Army Threat Simulator and Threat Simulation products developed or fielded under this Project support Army-wide, non-system-specific threat product requirements. Each capability is pursued in concert and coordination with existing Army/DoD and Tri-Service capabilities to eliminate duplication of effort. Simulator development is responsive to Office of the Secretary of Defense and Government Accountability Office guidance for the Army to conduct operational testing in a realistic threat environment. Actual threat equipment is acquired when appropriate (in lieu of development) and total package fielding is still required (i.e., instrumentation, operations and maintenance, manuals, new equipment training, etc.) Threat simulator development is accomplished under the auspices of the Project Manager for Cyber Test and Training and the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation Threat Simulator Investment Working Group.

Justification

Accomplishments & Planned Programs (3)

Threat Information Warfare

Provides cyber red team personnel and Information Operations (IO) weapons, Command and Control (C2), infrastructure, and research for advanced threat capabilities targeting Army programs, systems, and commands. Provides funds for cyber training and certifications of on-net interactive operators, certified ethical hackers, mission leads, planners and logistics. Threat representative sensing of public and commercially available information used for simulating near-peer information warfare threats against Army systems. Access to real-time Internet flow information used for characterization of near-peer threats and the application of this information to Army targets. Provides rapid creation and employment of robust, validated Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) threat, Multi-Domain Operations (MDO), and commercial representative cyber and non-kinetic warfare environments. Provides Foreign Materiel Acquisition and Foreign Commercial Purchase of Army, Joint, other Services, and Other Government Organizations hardware and software. Increases capacity of support to 200+ Dev*Ops and MDO events annually. Information and Decision Advantage Threat Simulation simulates threat's ability to leverage and act on publicly and commercially available information across the conflict continuum. This threat simulation provides the Army with measurement data towards effectiveness of program protection and Operational security (OPSEC) processes and provides valuable input to Army measure and countermeasure development priorities and execution.

Threat Electronic Warfare

Develops Army Threat Electronic Warfare (EW) capabilities that will simulate a realistic anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) environment that will portray critical threats to U.S. DoD satellite communication, navigation, and command, control, and communication (C3I) networks. Develops specific EW capabilities to include cyber/EW convergence, tailored jamming in a complex radio frequency (RF) environment (air and ground), data spoofing, detection of Low Probability Intercept (LPI) waveforms, artificial intelligence (AI), network modeling, passive detection systems, and advanced electronic support systems such as Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) against LPI signals. Develops and prototypes Threat Electronic Support systems by leveraging state-of-the-art commercially available Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology incorporating AoA, TDoA, and/or Frequency Difference of arrival (FDoA) and integrates emerging processing techniques to include Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Provides a relevant and realistic threat battlespace environment inclusive of advanced ground and aerial sensor systems, low power ground surveillance systems, and other threat sensor systems employing non-RF applications (acoustic, seismic, and electro-optical/infrared). Integrates advanced sensor capabilities with existing threat Unmanned Aerial System and threat command and control systems. Develops and prototypes Threat Electronic Attack (EA) systems by leveraging state-of-the-art commercially available SDR technology to develop jammers that function against numerous System Under Test (SUT) operating on the full RF spectrum. Provides jamming capabilities up to 40 GHz in order to target satellite uplinks, Threat Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT), exploitable systems for Cyber & Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA), and a threat environment required for Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) using ground based and aerial platforms. Develops jammers capable of Digital Radio Frequency Memory across the spectrum to enable advanced threat replication. Develops and prototypes a threat tactical communication replication effort that will leverage state-of-the-art commercially available SDR technology to present realistic signatures and Electronic Order of Battle for the SUT. This system will cover threat tactical communication ranging from High Frequency to Super High Frequency. The Common Tactical Signal Emitter Program (CTSEP) will leverage intelligence community models to provide realistic, threat representative, signatures. Assets will be able to emulate tactical command and control nodes and mounted and dismounted tactical communications systems by emitting threat representative waveform signatures. Develops an affordable, common set of radar threat emitters based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) SDR technology to create a realistic RF signal dense threat environment for MDO. Provides an affordable, common set of RF emitters needed to establish Tactical Communications and Gray-Space environments based on COTS SDR technology. Provides validated radar and communications digital models for use in a Live, Constructive, and Virtual environment as determined by Army Test & Evaluation Command (ATEC) to support Developmental Tests and Operational Tests for numerous SUT. Develops high fidelity threat digital twin models to support Army Operational and development testing. These models are utilized to produce validated threat waveforms and also utilized to adjudicate the effectiveness of Blue Forces Electronic Attack (BFEA). Finally, these models will be utilized in a virtual/constructive environment to augment the quantities of live threat simulators required.

Threat Network and Mission Command

Provides the Opposing Force (OPFOR) Commander and Staff with situational awareness of the Battlefield and Command, Control and Communications (C3) of threat systems across a dedicated communications network. Develops Army Threat Network and Mission Command capabilities to include quantum computing techniques, use of adaptive RF transmissions, self-healing/mesh network, capabilities aimed at masking threat communication systems (Very High Frequency (VHF), Ultra High Frequency (UHF), and High Frequency (HF), satellite and cellular, and next generation tactical radios.

Budget line items(workbook-cited)

P-1/R-1 workbook Total Obligation Authority basis (USD thousands) · PB2026.

Exhibit R-1

AccountOrgTypeAmount
Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, ArmyAFY24 Actuals$71.6M
Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, ArmyAFY25 Enacted$75.3M
Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, ArmyAFY25 Total$75.3M
Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, ArmyAFY26 Disc. Request$74.8M
Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, ArmyAFY26 Total$74.8M

Budget Details(R-2/P-40 facts)

J-book detail basis (R-2/P-40, USD millions) · PB2026 — a different accounting basis from the P-1/R-1 workbook TOA above; where the two disagree, the reconciliation strip under Budget figures shows both.

Wider than this screen — swipe the table sideways for the remaining fiscal-year columns.

ProjectFY24 ActualsFY25 TotalFY26 BaseFY26 Request
Program Element$71.6M$75.3M$74.8M$74.8M
976: Army Threat Sim (ATS)$71.6M$75.3M$74.8M$74.8M

Follow the dollar

No follow-the-dollar view — this program's awards haven't been crosswalked at high confidence (flows cover 312 of 1,938 programs). why coverage is partial? →

Awards

No awards are linked to this program element at high or medium confidence — the budget→award crosswalk only asserts links it can defend, and this line has none yet.

Lobbying mentions

No Senate LDA lobbying filing in the tracked data mentions this program element by code or alias.

Oversight

Department-level designation (not specific to this program)

GAO lists 5 high-risk areas for DOD as a whole. That designation covers the department, not Threat Simulator Development. No program-specific GAO finding for this line is in the ingested data. See the DOD oversight record.

Program dossier

No research dossier for this program — dossiers cover 50 of 1,938 programs, the largest fully J-book-detailed lines by FY2026 requested dollars. why no dossier here? →

Primary sources

Open any budget figure for its exact receipt. Verified line items lead with the highlighted government PDF; original spreadsheets download with their budget edition and exhibit in the filename.

Budget totals · TOA sources

Detailed budget justification

The related TOA spreadsheets above use a different accounting basis from R-2/P-40 detail. Their amounts are not assumed to match these detailed sources.